The Making of Capitalism: Weber's Protestant Ethic versus Marx's Historic Materialism
Max Weber's explanation for the rise of capitalism in Western countries stands in stark contrast to Karl Marx's materialistic view of history. While Marx attributes the emergence of capitalism primarily to changes in the means of production and the economic base of society, Weber emphasises the pivotal role of ideas, values, and beliefs as driving forces behind economic and social transformation. This divergence in their analytical frameworks – Weber's focus on the role of cultural and religious factors versus Marx's emphasis on the primacy of economic forces – underscores the fundamental differences in their explanations for the rise of capitalism in Western societies. While Marx highlights the significance of the inherent contradictions within the feudal system and exploitation of the working class, Weber attributes the emergence of capitalism to the Protestant work ethic in shaping economic behaviour and facilitating the transition. Max Weber According to Weber, the ...